cosmos.wikisort.org - Spacecraft

Mars 2MV-4 No.1[1][2] also known as Sputnik 22 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Mars,[3] and transmit images of the planet back to Earth.[4] Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it was destroyed in low Earth orbit.[5] It was the first of two Mars 2MV-4 spacecraft to be launched, the other being the Mars 1 spacecraft which was launched eight days later.[2]

2MV-4 No.1

Mission type	Mars flyby
Harvard designation	1962 Beta Iota 1
COSPAR ID	1962-057A
SATCAT no.	00443
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	2MV-4
Manufacturer	OKB-1
Launch mass	893.5 kilograms (1,970 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	24 October 1962, 17:55:05 (1962-10-24UTC17:55:05Z) UTC
Rocket	Molniya 8K78 s/n T103-15
Launch site	Baikonur 1/5
End of mission
Decay date	29 October 1962 – 26 February 1963 (1963-02-27)
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth (achieved) Heliocentric (intended)

Launch

With the Cuban Missile Crisis unfolding, the USSR spacecraft Mars 2MV-4 No.1 was launched at 17:55:04 UTC on 24 October 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[1] The lower stages of the rocket performed nominally, placing the payload and the Blok L upper stage into low Earth orbit. When the Blok L ignited following a coast phase, lubricant leaked out of the turbopump, which consequently seized up and disintegrated. This caused the main engine to explode,[6] destroying the upper stage and spacecraft.[2] Twenty two pieces of debris from the spacecraft and upper stage were catalogued, which decayed between 29 October 1962 and 26 February 1963.[7]

Designations

The designations Sputnik 29, and later Sputnik 22, were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.[3][8] A United States Ballistic Missile Early Warning System station in Alaska detected the debris from the launch, and initially identified it as incoming nuclear warheads, since the launch had occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis.[9]

Scientific Instruments

The spacecraft carried two instruments on board:[10]

• Imaging System
• Magnetometer

See also

• List of missions to Mars
• List of Mars Landers
• List of artificial object on Mars
• List of Venus Missions

References

На других языках

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[de] Mars 1962A

Als Mars 1962A oder Sputnik 22 wird eine gescheiterte sowjetische Marssonde bezeichnet, die am 24. Oktober 1962 gestartet wurde. Wahrscheinlich war ähnlich wie bei der acht Tage später gestarteten Mars 1-Mission ein Vorbeiflug am Mars geplant. Nach dem Start erreichte die Sonde eine Erdparkbahn in einer Höhe von 180 × 485 km und mit einer Neigung von 64,9 °. Die Sonde wurde kurz nach der Zündung der vierten Stufe der Molnija-Trägerrakete, durch die sie in die Mars-Transferbahn gebracht werden sollte, durch eine Explosion dieser Stufe zerstört. Trümmer der Sonde und der Oberstufe wurden vom Radar des US-amerikanischen Frühwarnsystems für ballistische Raketen in Alaska entdeckt, und es wurde vorübergehend befürchtet, dass sie der Beginn eines sowjetischen nuklearen ICBM-Angriffs seien. Der Fehlstart der Sonde ereignete sich während der Kubakrise.

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- [en] Mars 2MV-4 No.1

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[ru] Марс 1962А

«Марс 1962А» (Марс 2МВ-4 № 1); также известный на Западе как Спутник 22) — советская автоматическая межпланетная станция серии 2МВ, запущенная в 1962 году. Является частью программы Марс[1][2], предназначалась для облёта Марса и передачи фотографий планеты[3].

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