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langs: 18 декабря [ru] / december 18 [en] / 18. dezember [de] / 18 décembre [fr] / 18 dicembre [it] / 18 de diciembre [es]

days: december 15 / december 16 / december 17 / december 18 / december 19 / december 20 / december 21

Cosmonaut / Cosmonaut


#1 Frank Borman

Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , businessman, and NASA astronaut . He was the commander of Apollo 8 , the first mission to fly around the Moon, and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and William

#2 Boris Volynov

Boris Valentinovich Volynov ( Russian : Бори́с Валенти́нович Волы́нов ; born 18 December 1934) is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme : Soyuz 5 , and Soyuz 21 . Following the death of Alexei Leonov in October 2019, he is the last surviving member of the original gro

#3 Gregory R. Wiseman

Gregory Reid "Tonto" Wiseman (born November 11, 1975) is an American astronaut , engineer , and naval aviator. [1] Wiseman was selected in June 2009 as a member of the NASA Astronaut Group 20 and qualified as an astronaut in 2011. Wiseman took part in his first spaceflight as part of the crew of Exp

#4 Lev Dyomin

Lev Stepanovich Dyomin ( Russian : Лев Степанович Дёмин ; 11 January 1926 – 18 December 1998 [1] ) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 15 spaceflight in 1974. This spaceflight was intended to dock with the space station Salyut 3 , but the docking failed. Soviet cosmonaut Lev Dyomin Born Lev

#5 Sunita Williams

Sunita Lyn Williams (born September 19, 1965) is an American astronaut and United States Navy officer who formerly held the records for most spacewalks by a woman (seven) and most spacewalk time for a woman (50 hours, 40 minutes). [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Williams was assigned to the International Sp

#6 Bill Nelson

Clarence William Nelson II (born September 29, 1942) is an American politician and attorney serving as the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Nelson previously served as a United States Senator from Florida from 2001 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party ,

#7 Reinhold Ewald

Reinhold Ewald (born 18 December 1956) is a German physicist and ESA astronaut . German physicist and ESA astronaut Reinhold Ewald Born ( 1956-12-18 ) 18 December 1956 (age   65) Mönchengladbach , West Germany Nationality German Occupation Physicist Space career DFVLR / ESA Astronaut Time in space 1

#8 Anne McClain

Anne Charlotte McClain (born June 7, 1979) is a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army , engineer and a NASA astronaut. [2] Her call sign , "Annimal", dates back to her bruising rugby days; [3] she also uses the call sign in her Twitter handle, AstroAnnimal. She was a Flight Engineer for Expedition 58

#9 Peggy Whitson

Peggy Annette Whitson (born February 9, 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher, retired NASA astronaut , [4] and former NASA Chief Astronaut . American biochemistry researcher and NASA astronaut Peggy Annette Whitson Born ( 1960-02-09 ) February 9, 1960 (age   62) Beaconsfield, IA , U.S. Statu

#10 Michael S. Hopkins

Michael Scott Hopkins (born December 28, 1968) is a United States Space Force colonel [1] and NASA astronaut . [2] Hopkins was selected in June 2009 as a member of the NASA Astronaut Group 20 . He made his first spaceflight as a Flight Engineer on Soyuz TMA-10M / Expedition 37 / Expedition 38 , from

#11 Jim Lovell

James Arthur Lovell Jr. ( / ˈ l ʌ v əl / ; born March 25, 1928) is an American retired astronaut , naval aviator , test pilot and mechanical engineer. In 1968, as command module pilot of Apollo 8 , he became, with Frank Borman and William Anders , one of the first three astronauts to fly to and orbi

#12 Andy Thomas

Andrew "Andy" Sydney Withiel Thomas , AO (born 18 December 1951) is an Australian and American aerospace engineer and a former NASA astronaut . He has dual nationality; [1] he became a U.S. citizen in December 1986, hoping to gain entry to NASA's astronaut program. [2] He is married to fellow NASA a

#13 Guion Bluford

Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. (born November 22, 1942) is an American aerospace engineer , retired U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot , and former NASA astronaut in which capacity he became the second person of African descent to go to space . [1] [2] [lower-alpha 1] Before becoming an astronaut,

#14 Yusaku Maezawa

Yusaku Maezawa ( 前澤 友作 , Maezawa Yūsaku , born 22 November 1975) is a Japanese billionaire entrepreneur and art collector. He founded Start Today in 1998 and launched the online fashion retail website Zozotown in 2004, now Japan's largest. Most recently, Maezawa introduced a custom-fit apparel brand


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Spacecraft / Spacecraft


#1 Deep Space 1

Deep Space 1 ( DS1 ) was a NASA technology demonstration spacecraft which flew by an asteroid and a comet . It was part of the New Millennium Program , dedicated to testing advanced technologies. NASA spacecraft launched in 1998 This article needs additional citations for verification . ( October 20

#2 STS-122

STS-122 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS), flown by the Space Shuttle Atlantis . STS-122 marked the 24th shuttle mission to the ISS, and the 121st Space Shuttle flight overall. [4] 2008 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS STS-122 Canadarm2 takes Columbus fr

#3 INSAT-4B

INSAT-4B was an Indian communications satellite which forms part of the Indian National Satellite System . Launched in 2007, it was placed in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 93.48° East. [5] INSAT-4B Mission type Communications Operator INSAT COSPAR ID 2007-007A SATCAT no. 30793 Mission durati

#4 Soyuz 13

Soyuz 13 ( Russian : Союз 13 , Union 13 ) was a December, 1973, Soviet crewed space flight, the second test flight of the redesigned Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft that first flew as Soyuz 12 . The spacecraft was specially modified to carry the Orion 2 Space Observatory . The flight, crewed by Pyotr Klimuk a

#5 Kosmos 99

Kosmos 99 ( Russian : Космос 99 meaning Cosmos 99 ) or Zenit-2 No.32 was a Soviet , first generation, low resolution, optical film-return reconnaissance satellite launched in 1965. A Zenit-2 spacecraft, Kosmos 99 was the thirty-second of eighty-one such satellites to be launched [3] and had a mass o

#6 Apollo 8

Apollo 8 (December 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon . The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth . [1] [2] [3] These three astronauts — Frank Borman , James Lovell

#7 Selenokhod

Team Selenokhod ( Russian : Селеноход ) is a privately funded Russian team of aerospace experts led by Nikolay Dzis-Voynarovskiy. It was the first Russian team to enter the Google Lunar X Prize competition . [1] [ better   source   needed ] On 18 December 2013, the team has decided to withdraw from

#8 Göktürk-1

Göktürk-1 (also Göktürk-1A ) is a high resolution earth observation satellite (greater than 50   cm) designed and developed for the Turkish Ministry of National Defence by the Italian space service company Telespazio with technological input from Turkish Aerospace Industries (TUSAŞ) and ASELSAN of T

#9 USA-87

USA-87 , also known as GPS IIA-8 , GPS II-17 and GPS SVN-29 , was an American navigation satellite which formed part of the Global Positioning System . It was the eighth of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched. American navigation satellite This article is about the satellite. For the bo

#10 Gemini 7

Gemini 7 (officially Gemini VII ) [5] was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the fourth crewed Gemini flight, the twelfth crewed American spaceflight, and the twenty-first crewed spaceflight including Soviet flights and X-15 flights above the Kármán line . The crew of Frank

#11 STS-61-C

STS-61-C was the 24th mission of NASA 's Space Shuttle program , and the seventh mission of Space Shuttle Columbia . It was the first time that Columbia , the first space-rated Space Shuttle orbiter to be constructed, had flown since STS-9 . The mission launched from Florida 's Kennedy Space Center

#12 GOES-16

GOES-16 , formerly known as GOES-R before reaching geostationary orbit , is the first of the GOES-R series of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites   (GOES) operated by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   (NOAA). GOES-16 serves as the operational geostationary

#13 Cygnus OA-8E

OA-8E was the ninth flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its eighth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA . The mission launched on 12 November 2017 at 12:19:51 UTC . Orbital and NASA jointly dev

#14 O3b

O3b is a satellite constellation in Medium Earth orbit ( MEO ) owned and operated by SES , and designed to provide low-latency broadband connectivity to remote locations for mobile network operators and internet service providers, maritime, aviation, and government and defence. It is often referred

#15 USA-79

USA-79 , also known as GPS IIA-3 , GPS II-12 and GPS SVN-25 , was an American navigation satellite which formed part of the Global Positioning System . It was the third of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched. USA-79 Names Navstar 2A-03 GPS IIA-3 GPS II-12 GPS SVN-25 Mission type Navigat

#16 OneWeb satellite constellation

The OneWeb satellite constellation is a planned initial 648- satellite internet constellation which is in the process of being completed in 2022, [2] with a goal to provide global broadband internet services to people everywhere by the end of 2023. [3] The constellation is being deployed by OneWeb ,

#17 XMM-Newton

XMM-Newton , also known as the High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Mission and the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission , is an X-ray space observatory launched by the European Space Agency in December 1999 on an Ariane 5 rocket. It is the second cornerstone mission of ESA's Horizon 2000 programme. Named after

#18 Essaim (satellite)

Essaim ( swarm , in French) was a French military reconnaissance microsatellite constellation . Its main purpose was to collect and map signals intelligence around the world. The Direction générale de l'armement (DGA) described it as a "vacuum cleaner for [radio] waves".

#19 Nozomi (spacecraft)

Nozomi ( Japanese : のぞみ , lit. "Wish" or "Hope," and known before launch as Planet-B ) was a Mars orbiter that failed to reach Mars due to electrical failures. The mission was terminated on December 31, 2003. [ citation needed ] Failed Mars orbiter This article needs additional citations for verific

#20 STS-116

STS-116 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery . Discovery lifted off on 9 December 2006 at 20:47:35 EST . A previous launch attempt on 7 December had been canceled due to cloud cover. It was the first night launch of a Space Shuttle sin


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