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langs: 15 декабря [ru] / december 15 [en] / 15. dezember [de] / 15 décembre [fr] / 15 dicembre [it] / 15 de diciembre [es]

days: december 12 / december 13 / december 14 / december 15 / december 16 / december 17 / december 18

Cosmonaut / Cosmonaut


#1 Ronald Evans (astronaut)

Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr. (November 10, 1933   – April 7, 1990) was an American electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , officer and aviator in the United States Navy , and NASA astronaut . As Command Module Pilot on Apollo 17 he was one of the 24 astronauts to have flown to the Moon, and one of

#2 Michael Collins (astronaut)

Michael Collins (October 31, 1930 – April 28, 2021) was an American astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around the Moon in 1969 while his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin , made the first crewed landing on the surface . He was also a test pilot and major general in the

#3 Sergey Vozovikov

Sergei Yuriyevich Vozovikov (17 April 1958 – 11 July 1993) was a member of the Soviet Air Force Cosmonaut Training Group 11. His Cosmonaut training was to take place from October 1, 1991 to March 6, 1992. This was cut short when he drowned on July 11, 1993 during water recovery training in the Black

#4 Frank Borman

Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , businessman, and NASA astronaut . He was the commander of Apollo 8 , the first mission to fly around the Moon, and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and William

#5 Vanessa O'Brien

Vanessa Audi Rhys O'Brien (born 2 December 1964) is a British and American mountaineer, sub-orbital spaceflight participant, explorer, author and former business executive. [2] On 4 August 2022, Vanessa became the first woman to complete the Explorers’ Extreme Trifecta – reaching extremes on land, s

#6 Frank L. Culbertson Jr.

Frank Lee Culbertson Jr. (born May 15, 1949) ( Capt , USN , Ret.) is an American former naval officer and aviator , test pilot , aerospace engineer , NASA astronaut , graduate of the US Naval Academy , and member of the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame . He served as the Commander of the Interna

#7 Thomas P. Stafford

Thomas Patten Stafford (born September 17, 1930) is an American former Air Force officer , test pilot , and NASA astronaut , and one of 24 people who flew to the Moon . He also served as Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1969 to 1971. United States astronaut (born 1930) Thomas P. Stafford Stafford

#8 Dmitri Kondratyev

Dmitri Yuryevich Kondratyev ( Russian : Дмитрий Юрьевич Кондратьев , born on 25 May 1969 in Irkutsk, Russia) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. He served as a crew member on the International Space Station long duration mission Expedition 27 as Commander, having also served as a Flight Engineer on Expe

#9 Paolo Nespoli

Major Paolo Angelo Nespoli (born 6 April 1957) is an Italian astronaut and engineer of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 2007, he first traveled into space aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery as a mission specialist of STS-120 . In December 2010 he again traveled into space aboard the Soyuz TMA-20

#10 Scott Kelly (astronaut)

Scott Joseph Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is an American engineer , retired astronaut , and naval aviator . A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26 , 45 , and 46 . American engineer, retired astronaut, and retired U.S. Navy captain F

#11 Wally Schirra

Walter Marty Schirra Jr. ( / ʃ ɜːr ˈ ɑː / , March 12, 1923   – May 3, 2007) was an American naval aviator , test pilot , and NASA astronaut . In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury , which was the United States ' first effort to put human beings into space

#12 Vladimír Remek

Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) is a Czech, formerly Czechoslovakian, politician and diplomat , as well as a former cosmonaut and military pilot . He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, becoming the first and only Czechoslovak in space. As the first cosmonaut from a country other t

#13 Anatoly Ivanishin

Anatoli Alekseyevich Ivanishin ( Russian: Анатолий Алексеевич Иванишин ; born 15 January 1969) is a former Russian cosmonaut. His first visit to space was to the International Space Station on board the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft as an Expedition 29 / Expedition 30 crew member, launching in November 20

#14 Catherine Coleman

Catherine Grace " Cady " Coleman (born December 14, 1960) is an American chemist , an engineer , a former United States Air Force colonel, and a retired NASA astronaut . [1] She is a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions, and departed the International Space Station on May 23, 2011, as a crew member

#15 Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa

Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa ( Mongolian : Жүгдэрдэмидийн Гүррагчаа ; Russian : Жугдэрдэмидийн Гуррагча , [ˈʐuɡdʲɪrdʲɪmʲɪdʲɪjn ˈɡurəktɕə] , born 5 December 1947) is a Mongolian cosmonaut and military leader. He was the first Mongolian and second Asian to go into space. [1] [2] He also was Mongolia's De

#16 Jim Lovell

James Arthur Lovell Jr. ( / ˈ l ʌ v əl / ; born March 25, 1928) is an American retired astronaut , naval aviator , test pilot and mechanical engineer. In 1968, as command module pilot of Apollo 8 , he became, with Frank Borman and William Anders , one of the first three astronauts to fly to and orbi

#17 Tim Peake

Major Timothy Nigel “Tim” Peake CMG (born 7 April 1972) is a British Army Air Corps officer, European Space Agency astronaut [3] and a former International Space Station (ISS) crew member. British Army Air Corps officer and astronaut Tim Peake CMG HonFIET Official NASA portrait photograph, taken in

#18 Sergei Krikalev

Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev ( Russian : Сергей Константинович Крикалёв , also transliterated as Sergei Krikalyov ; born 27 August 1958) is a Russian mechanical engineer and former cosmonaut . As a prominent rocket scientist , he is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalk


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Museum / Museum


#1 Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center

The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center , also called the Udvar-Hazy Center , is the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum (NASM)'s annex at Washington Dulles International Airport in the Chantilly area of Fairfax County, Virginia , United States. It holds numerous exhibits, including the Space Shuttle

#2 National Air and Space Museum

The National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution , also called the Air and Space Museum , is a museum in Washington, D.C. , US. It was established in 1946 as the National Air Museum and opened its main building on the National Mall near L'Enfant Plaza in 1976. In 2018, the museum saw

#3 Serhiy Pavlovych Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics

The Serhiy Pavlovych Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics ( Ukrainian : Музей космонавтики імені Сергія Павловича Корольова ) is a technology museum in Zhytomyr , Ukraine dedicated to Serhiy Korolyov . Korolyov led the Sputnik project and was Chief engineer for the Soviet Union 's rocket and space progra

#4 Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics

The Serhiy Pavlovych Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics ( Ukrainian : Музей космонавтики імені Сергія Павловича Корольова ) is a technology museum in Zhytomyr , Ukraine dedicated to Serhiy Korolyov . Korolyov led the Sputnik project and was Chief engineer for the Soviet Union 's rocket and space progra

#5 U.S. Space & Rocket Center

The U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama is a museum operated by the government of Alabama , showcasing rockets , achievements, and artifacts of the U.S. space program. Sometimes billed as "Earth's largest space museum", astronaut Owen Garriott described the place as, "a great way to le

#6 Dare County Regional Airport

Dare County Regional Airport ( IATA : MEO , ICAO : KMQI , FAA LID : MQI ) is a public airport located one mile (2   km) northwest of the central business district (CBD) of Manteo , a town in Dare County , North Carolina , United States. This general aviation airport covers 340 acres (138   ha) and h


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Spacecraft / Spacecraft


#1 GOES 11

GOES-11 , known as GOES-L before becoming operational, is an American weather satellite , which is part of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system. It was launched in 2000, and operated at the GOES-WEST position, providing cov

#2 STS-108

STS-108 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . Its primary objective was to deliver supplies to and help maintain the ISS. 2001 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS STS-108 Godwin on Endeavour ' s Canadarm during an EVA Names Space T

#3 Vega 1

Vega 1 (along with its twin Vega 2 ) was a Soviet space probe , part of the Vega program . The spacecraft was a development of the earlier Venera craft. They were designed by Babakin Space Centre and constructed as 5VK by Lavochkin at Khimki . The name VeGa (ВеГа) combines the first two letters from

#4 SpaceX CRS-13

SpaceX CRS-13 , also known as SpX-13 , was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station launched on 15 December 2017. [2] The mission was contracted by NASA and is flown by SpaceX . It was the second mission to successfully reuse a Dragon capsule, previously flown on CRS-

#5 Yamal-401

Yamal-401 ( Russian : Ямал-401 ) is a Russian geostationary communications satellite operated by Gazprom Space Systems . It was built by ISS Reshetnev and is based on the Ekspress-2000 satellite bus . It is equipped with 17 C-band and 36 Ku-band transponders . [2] It has a design life of 15 years. R

#6 Pioneer P-31

Pioneer P-31 (also known as Atlas-Able 5B or Pioneer Z) was intended to be a lunar orbiter probe, but the mission failed shortly after launch. The objectives were to place a highly instrumented probe in lunar orbit, to investigate the environment between the Earth and Moon , and to develop technolog

#7 Venera 7

Venera 7 ( Russian : Венера-7 , lit.   ' Venus 7 ' ) was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus . When it landed on the Venusian surface on 15 December 1970, it became the first spacecraft to soft land on another planet and the first to transmit data from there back to Ear

#8 Long March 4C

The Long March 4C , also known as the Chang Zheng 4C , CZ-4C and LM-4C , previously designated Long March 4B-II , is a Chinese orbital launch vehicle . It is launched from the Jiuquan , Taiyuan , and Xichang Satellite Launch Centers , and consists of 3 stages. Long March 4C vehicles have been used t

#9 STS-88

STS-88 was the first Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). It was flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour , and took the first American module, the Unity node , to the station. [2] First Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station STS-88 Endeavour ' s Canadarm positio

#10 Soyuz TMA-20

Soyuz TMA-20 was a human spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) and was part of the Soyuz programme . It lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on December 15, 2010, and docked with the ISS two days later. The three-person crew of Soyuz TMA-20 – Dmitri Kondratyev , Cathe

#11 Gemini 6A

Gemini 6A (officially Gemini VI-A ) [2] was a 1965 crewed United States spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . The mission, flown by Wally Schirra and Thomas P. Stafford , achieved the first crewed rendezvous with another spacecraft, its sister Gemini 7 . Although the Soviet Union had twice previou

#12 Gemini 7

Gemini 7 (officially Gemini VII ) [5] was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the fourth crewed Gemini flight, the twelfth crewed American spaceflight, and the twenty-first crewed spaceflight including Soviet flights and X-15 flights above the Kármán line . The crew of Frank

#13 Cygnus NG-16

Cygnus NG-16 , [2] [3] previously known as Cygnus OA-16 , was the sixteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fifteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-2) contract with NASA . The mission was launched

#14 Envisat

Envisat (" Environmental Satellite ") is a large inactive Earth-observing satellite which is still in orbit and now considered space debris. Operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), it was the world's largest civilian Earth observation satellite. [2] ESA Earth observation satellite (2002–2012) E

#15 AEROS (satellite)

AEROS [5] :   12   satellites were to study the aeronomy i. e. the science of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere , in particular the F region under the strong influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiation . To this end the spectrum of this radiation was recorded aboard by one instrument (of type

#16 Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite

Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite ( SWAS , also Explorer 74 and SMEX-3 ) is a NASA submillimetre astronomy satellite, and is the fourth spacecraft in the Small Explorer program (SMEX). It was launched on 6 December 1998, at 00:57:54 UTC , from Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard a Pegasus XL launc

#17 Voyager 1

Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere . Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2 , Voyager 1 has been operating for 45   years and 1   month as of October 5

#18 Soyuz TMA-19M

Soyuz TMA-19M was a 2015 Russian Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station . It was launched on December 15, 2015 from Baikonur Cosmodrome , transporting three members of the Expedition 46 crew to the International Space Station. TMA-19M was the 128th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft since th

#19 SOLRAD 10

Solrad 10 , also known Explorer 44 , NRL-PL 165 and Explorer SE-C , was one of the SOLRAD series designed to provide continuous coverage of wavelength and intensity changes in solar radiation in the UV , soft and hard X-ray regions. The satellite also mapped the celestial sphere using a high-sensiti

#20 Project Echo

Project Echo was the first passive communications satellite experiment. Each of the two American spacecraft, launched in 1960 and 1964, were metalized balloon satellites acting as passive reflectors of microwave signals. Communication signals were transmitted from one location on Earth and bounced o


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