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langs: 3 января [ru] / january 3 [en] / 3. januar [de] / 3 janvier [fr] / 3 gennaio [it] / 3 de enero [es]

days: december 31 / january 1 / january 2 / january 3 / january 4 / january 5 / january 6

Cosmonaut / Cosmonaut


#1 Norman Thagard

Norman Earl Thagard , M.D. (born July 3, 1943), ( Capt , USMC , Ret.), is an American scientist and former U.S. Marine Corps officer and naval aviator and NASA astronaut . He is the first American to ride to space on board a Russian vehicle, and can be considered the first American cosmonaut . He di

#2 Vladimir Shatalov

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov ( Russian : Владимир Александрович Шаталов ; December 8, 1927 – June 15, 2021) [2] was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme : Soyuz 4 , Soyuz 8 , and Soyuz 10 . [1] Soviet cosmonaut (1927–2021) Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sh

#3 John Glenn

John Herschel Glenn Jr. (July 18, 1921   – December 8, 2016) was an American Marine Corps aviator , engineer , astronaut , businessman, and politician. He was the third American in space, and the first American to orbit the Earth , circling it three times in 1962. Following his retirement from NASA

#4 Igor Volk

Igor Petrovich Volk ( Russian : Игорь Петрович Волк , Ukrainian : Ігор Петрович Волк ; 12 April 1937   – 3 January 2017) was a Soviet test pilot and cosmonaut in the Buran programme . This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian . (January 2019) Click [

#5 Jake Garn

Edwin Jacob "Jake" Garn (born October 12, 1932) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party who served as a United States senator representing Utah from 1974 to 1993. Garn became the first sitting member of Congress to fly in space when he flew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery as

#6 Frank Borman

Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , businessman, and NASA astronaut . He was the commander of Apollo 8 , the first mission to fly around the Moon, and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and William

#7 Mark Kelly

Mark Edward Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is an American politician, businessman, retired astronaut , and U.S. Navy captain serving as the junior United States senator from Arizona since December 2020. [3] A member of the Democratic Party , he was elected in the special election triggered by the de

#8 Jim Wetherbee

James Donald "Wxb" Wetherbee (born November 27, 1952) ( Capt , USN , Ret.), is a retired United States Navy officer and aviator , test pilot , aerospace engineer , and NASA astronaut . He is a veteran of six Space Shuttle missions and is the only American to have commanded five spaceflight missions.

#9 Bill Nelson

Clarence William Nelson II (born September 29, 1942) is an American politician and attorney serving as the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Nelson previously served as a United States Senator from Florida from 2001 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party ,

#10 Fyodor Yurchikhin

Fyodor Nikolayevich Yurchikhin ( Russian : Фёдор Николаевич Юрчихин, Greek : Θεόδωρος Γιουρτσίχιν του Νικόλαου; born 3 January 1959 ) is a Russian cosmonaut of Greek descent, engineer and RSC Energia test-pilot who has flown on five spaceflights . His first spaceflight was a 10-day Space Shuttle mis

#11 Harrison Schmitt

Harrison Hagan " Jack " Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist , retired NASA astronaut , university professor , former U.S. senator from New Mexico , and the most recent living person—and only person without a background in military aviation—to have walked on the Moon. American politi

#12 Jim Lovell

James Arthur Lovell Jr. ( / ˈ l ʌ v əl / ; born March 25, 1928) is an American retired astronaut , naval aviator , test pilot and mechanical engineer. In 1968, as command module pilot of Apollo 8 , he became, with Frank Borman and William Anders , one of the first three astronauts to fly to and orbi


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Museum / Museum


#1 Museum of Transport and Technology

The Museum of Transport and Technology ( MOTAT ) is a science and technology museum located in Western Springs , Auckland , New Zealand. It is located close to the Western Springs Stadium , Auckland Zoo and the Western Springs Park . The museum has large collections of civilian and military aircraft

#2 Wright Brothers National Memorial

Wright Brothers National Memorial , located in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina , commemorates the first successful, sustained, powered flights in a heavier-than-air machine . From 1900 to 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright came here from Dayton, Ohio , based on information from the U.S. Weather Bureau


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Spacecraft / Spacecraft


#1 Simulation-to-Flight 1

Simulation-to-Flight 1 ( STF-1 ) is a microsatellite built by the Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V) in Fairmont, West Virginia with the collaboration of the West Virginia Space Grants Consortium and West Virginia University . Microsatellite This article contai

#2 NEAR Shoemaker

Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous – Shoemaker ( NEAR Shoemaker ), renamed after its 1996 launch in honor of planetary scientist Eugene Shoemaker , was a robotic space probe designed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for NASA to study the near-Earth asteroid Eros from close orbi

#3 GOES-18

GOES-18 (designated pre-launch as GOES-T ) is the third of the "GOES-R Series", the current generation of weather satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The current and next satellites of the Series ( GOES-16 , GOES-17 , GOES-18, and GOES-U ) will extend t

#4 OSCAR 1

OSCAR I (aka OSCAR 1) is the first amateur radio satellite launched by Project OSCAR into low Earth orbit . OSCAR I was launched December 12, 1961, by a Thor-DM21 Agena B launcher from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California. The satellite, a rectangular box (30 x 25 x 12   cm) weighing 10   k

#5 Apollo 9

Apollo 9 (March 3 – 13, 1969) was the third human spaceflight in NASA 's Apollo program . Flown in low Earth orbit , it was the second crewed Apollo mission that the United States launched via a Saturn V rocket, and was the first flight of the full Apollo spacecraft : the command and service module

#6 Pioneer 10

Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F ) is an American space probe , launched in 1972 and weighing 260 kilograms (570 pounds ) , that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter . [3] Thereafter, Pioneer 10 became the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed

#7 Mariner 2

Mariner 2 ( Mariner-Venus 1962 ), an American space probe to Venus , was the first robotic space probe to conduct a successful planetary encounter. The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program , it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact c

#8 Pioneer 4

Pioneer 4 was an American spin-stabilized uncrewed spacecraft launched as part of the Pioneer program on a lunar flyby trajectory and into a heliocentric orbit making it the first probe of the United States to escape from the Earth's gravity. It carried a payload similar to Pioneer 3 : a lunar radia

#9 Kosmos 93

Kosmos 93 ( Russian : Космос 93 meaning Cosmos 93 ), also known as DS-U2-V No.1 , was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1965 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 305 kilograms (672   lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau , and was used to conduct c

#10 Luna 1

Luna 1 , also known as Mechta ( Russian : Мечта [mʲɪt͡ɕˈta] , lit. : Dream ), E-1 No.4 and First Lunar Rover , [5] was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon , and the first spacecraft to be placed in heliocentric orbit . Intended as an impactor, Luna 1 was launched as part of th

#11 Mars Polar Lander

The Mars Polar Lander , also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander , was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe , a region near the south pole on Mars . It formed part of the Mars Surveyor '98 mission . On Decemb

#12 IXPE

Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer , commonly known as IXPE or SMEX-14 , is a space observatory with three identical telescopes designed to measure the polarization of cosmic X-rays of black holes, neutron stars, and pulsars. [6] The observatory, which was launched on 9   December 2021, is an intern

#13 Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer

The Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer ( GOCE ) was the first of ESA 's Living Planet Programme satellites intended to map in unprecedented detail the Earth's gravity field . The spacecraft's primary instrumentation was a highly sensitive gravity gradiometer consisting of thre

#14 Luna 3

Luna 3 , or E-2A No.1 ( Russian : Луна 3 ) was a Soviet spacecraft launched in 1959 as part of the Luna programme . It was the first mission to photograph the far side of the Moon and the third Soviet space probe to be sent to the neighborhood of the Moon . [6] Though it returned rather poor picture

#15 Mars Observer

The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter , was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992, to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, climate and magnetic field. During the interplanetary cruise phase, communication with the spacecraft was


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