cosmos.wikisort.org - Spacecraft

IKONOS was a commercial Earth observation satellite, and was the first to collect publicly available high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution. It collected multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) imagery. The capability to observe Earth via space-based telescope has been called "one of the most significant developments in the history of the space age", and IKONOS brought imagery rivaling that of military spy satellites to the commercial market.[4][5] IKONOS imagery began being sold on 1 January 2000, and the spacecraft was retired in 2015.

Ikonos-2

Mission type	Earth observation
Operator	DigitalGlobe Formerly GeoEye, Space Imaging
COSPAR ID	1999-051A
SATCAT no.	25919
Mission duration	Final: 15 years, 6 months, 6 days
Spacecraft properties
Bus	LM-900[1]
Manufacturer	Lockheed Martin Space Systems
Launch mass	817 kg (1,800 lb)[1]
Dimensions	1.83 × 1.57 m (6.0 × 5.2 ft)[1]
Power	1,500 W[1]
Start of mission
Launch date	24 September 1999, 18:22 (1999-09-24UTC18:22) UTC[2]
Rocket	Athena II, LM-007
Launch site	Vandenberg AFB SLC-6
Contractor	Lockheed Martin
Entered service	December 1999[1]
End of mission
Disposal	Decommissioned
Deactivated	31 March 2015 (2015-04-01)[3]
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Eccentricity	0.00028
Perigee altitude	678 km (421 mi)
Apogee altitude	682 km (424 mi)
Inclination	98.2°
Period	98.4 minutes
Epoch	24 September 1999, 18:22 UTC[2]
Main telescope
Type	Cassegrain[1]
Diameter	70 cm (28 in)[1]
Focal length	10 m (394 in)[1]
Focal ratio	f/14.3
Wavelengths	Panchromatic: 450–900 nm[1] Multispectral: 450–860 nm[1]
Resolution	Panchromatic: 0.82–1 m[1]      (32–39 in) Multispectral: 3.28–4 m[1]      (129–157 in)

History

IKONOS originated under the Lockheed Corporation as the Commercial Remote Sensing System (CRSS) satellite. In April 1994 Lockheed was granted one of the first licenses from the U.S. Department of Commerce for commercial satellite high-resolution imagery.[6] On 25 October 1995 partner company Space Imaging received a license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to transmit telemetry from the satellite in the eight-gigahertz Earth Exploration Satellite Services band.[7] Prior to launch, Space Imaging changed the name of the satellite system to IKONOS. The name comes from the Greek word eikōn, for "image".[8]

Two satellites were originally planned for operation. IKONOS-1 was launched on 27 April 1999 at 18:22 UTC from Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6,[9][10] but Athena II rocket's payload fairing did not separate due to an electrical malfunction, resulting in the satellite failing to reach orbit and falling into the atmosphere over the South Pacific Ocean.[11]

IKONOS-2 was built in parallel with and as an identical twin to IKONOS-1. Completion of its construction was projected for July 1999 with a January 2000 launch.[12] In reaction to the loss of IKONOS-1, the spacecraft was renamed IKONOS[12][13] and its processing accelerated, resulting in a launch on 24 September 1999 at 18:22 UTC, also from Vandenberg aboard an Athena II rocket.[2] The company began selling IKONOS imagery on the market on 1 January 2000.[1][14]

In December 2000, IKONOS received the "Best of What's New" Grant Award in Aviation & Space from Popular Science magazine.[15] The acquisition of Space Imaging and its assets by Orbimage was announced in September 2005 and finalized in January 2006.[16][17] The merged company was renamed GeoEye,[17] which was itself acquired by DigitalGlobe in January 2013.[18]

DigitalGlobe operated IKONOS until its retirement on 31 March 2015.[3] During its lifetime, IKONOS produced 597,802 public images, covering more than 400 million km² (154 million sq mi) of area.[19]

Specifications

Spacecraft

IKONOS was a three-axis stabilized spacecraft designed by Lockheed Martin Space Systems. The design later became known as the LM-900 satellite bus and was optimized to carry remote sensing payloads.[20] Four reaction wheels stabilized the spacecraft's altitude, which was measured by two star trackers and a sun sensor. Orbital position information was provided by a GPS receiver. The spacecraft body was a hexagonal design of 1.83 by 1.57 meters (6.0 by 5.2 ft) and 817 kilograms (1,800 lb), with 1.5 kilowatts of power provided by three solar panels. Its design life was seven years. IKONOS operated in a Sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular orbit at approximately 680 km (423 mi).[1]

Optical Sensor Assembly

IKONOS's primary instrument was the Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA), designed and built by Kodak. It had a primary mirror aperture of 70 cm (28 in), and a folded optical focal length of 10 m (394 in) using 5 mirrors. The main mirror featured a honeycomb design to reduce mass.[21] The detectors at the focal plane included a panchromatic sensor with 13,500 pixels cross-track, and four multispectral sensors (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) each with 3,375 pixels along-track. Its nadir image swath was 11.3 km (7 mi).[22] Total instrument mass was 171 kg (377 lb) and it consumed 350 watts.[21]

Spatial and spectral resolutions[8][23]

Band	0.8-meter panchromatic	4-meter multispectral 1-meter pan-sharpened
Pan	450-900 nm
1 (Blue)		445-516 nm
2 (Green)		506-595 nm
3 (Red)		632-698 nm
4 (Near IR)		757-853 nm

See also

• GeoEye-1

References

External links

• IKONOS data sheet by DigitalGlobe

На других языках

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[de] IKONOS

IKONOS war ein kommerzieller Erdbeobachtungssatellit, den zuletzt die Firma DigitalGlobe betrieb. Die Mission begann am 24. September 1999 und endete am 31. März 2015.

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- [en] Ikonos

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[es] IKONOS

IKONOS es un satélite comercial de teledetección originalmente de la compañía Geoeye, hoy parte de DigitalGlobe. Fue el primero en recoger imágenes con disponibilidad pública de alta resolución con un rango entre 1 y 4 metros de resolución espacial. En concreto, dispone de una resolución de 1 metro en pancromático y de 4 metros en multiespectral. Las imágenes del satélite IKONOS empezaron a ponerse a la venta el primero de enero de 2000. La empresa norteamericana Space Imaging es la propietaria del satélite.

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[ru] IKONOS

IKONOS (от др.-греч. εἰκών — eikon[1], образ, воплощение) — американский спутник, первый коммерческий спутник, который обеспечивал съёмку с разрешением 1 м в панхроматическом режиме. Был разработан компанией Lockheed Martin для компании GeoEye (ныне DigitalGlobe). Запущен 24 сентября 1999 года. Спутник отличается высокой маневренностью, возможностью съемки больших площадей за один проход (до 5 тыс. км²), возможностью получения стереопар с одного витка.

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