USA-1, also known as Navstar 9, GPS I-9 and GPS SVN-9, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1984 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the ninth of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched,[2] and the first satellite to receive a USA designation.
Names | Navstar 9 GPS I-9 GPS SVN-9 |
---|---|
Mission type | Navigation Technology |
Operator | U.S. Air Force |
COSPAR ID | 1984-059A ![]() |
SATCAT no. | 15039 |
Mission duration | 5 years (planned) 10 years (achieved) |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Navstar |
Spacecraft type | GPS Block I |
Manufacturer | Rockwell Space Systems |
Launch mass | 758 kg (1,671 lb) |
Dimensions | 5.3 meters of long |
Power | 400 watts |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 13 June 1984, 11:37 UTC |
Rocket | Atlas E / SGS-2 (Atlas-42E) |
Launch site | Vandenberg, SLC-3W |
Contractor | Convair General Dynamics |
Entered service | 19 July 1984 |
End of mission | |
Deactivated | 20 June 1994 |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric orbit[1] |
Regime | Medium Earth orbit (Semi-synchronous) |
Perigee altitude | 19,917 km (12,376 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 20,446 km (12,705 mi) |
Inclination | 62.80° |
Period | 718.00 minutes |
Global Positioning System |
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[3]
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had S-band communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by Rockwell Space Systems, were 5.3 meters across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.[3]
USA-1 was launched at 11:37 UTC on 13 June 1984, atop an Atlas E launch vehicle with an SGS-2 upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 42E, and was originally built as an Atlas E.[4] The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 3W at Vandenberg Air Force Base,[5] and placed USA-1 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit (MEO) using a Star-27 apogee motor.[2]
By 19 July 1984, USA-1 had been raised to an orbit with a perigee of 19,917 km (12,376 mi), an apogee of 20,446 km (12,705 mi), a period of 718.00 minutes, and 62.80° of inclination to the equator.[6] The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of 758 kg (1,671 lb).[2] It broadcast the PRN 13 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 20 June 1994.
NAVSTAR Global Positioning System satellites | |
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List of GPS satellites | |
Block I | |
Block II | |
Block IIA | |
Block IIR | |
Block IIRM | |
Block IIF | |
Block III | |
Block IIIF |
|
Italics indicate future missions. Signs † indicate launch failures. |
← 1983 · Orbital launches in 1984 · 1985 → | |
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Kosmos 1522 · Kosmos 1523 · Kosmos 1524 · Kosmos 1525 · Kosmos 1526 · Kosmos 1527 · Kosmos 1528 · Kosmos 1529 | Kosmos 1530 | Kosmos 1531 | Kosmos 1532 | Yuri 2a | Kosmos 1533 | Kosmos 1534 | Shiyan Tongbu Tongxing Weixing 1 | OPS 0441 | Kosmos 1535 | STS-41-B (Westar 6 · Palapa B2 · IRT · SPAS-1A) | OPS 8737 · OPS 8737 SSU-1 · OPS 8737 SSU-2 · OPS 8737 SSU-3 | Kosmos 1536 | Soyuz T-10 | Ōzora | Gran' No.25L | Kosmos 1537 | Progress 19 | Kosmos 1538 | Kosmos 1539 | Landsat 5 · UoSAT-2 | Kosmos 1540 | Intelsat V F-8 | Kosmos 1541 | Kosmos 1542 | Kosmos 1543 | Kosmos 1544 | Ekran No.26L | Molniya-1 No.51 | Kosmos 1545 | Kosmos 1546 | Soyuz T-11 | Kosmos 1547 | STS-41-C (LDEF) | Shiyan Tongbu Tongxing Weixing 2 | Kosmos 1548 | OPS 7641 | Progress 20 | OPS 8424 | Kosmos 1549 | Gorizont No.19L | Progress 21 | Kosmos 1550 | Kosmos 1551 | Kosmos 1552 | Kosmos 1553 | Kosmos 1554 · Kosmos 1555 · Kosmos 1556 | Kosmos 1557 | Spacenet 1 | Kosmos 1558 | Progress 22 | Kosmos 1559 · Kosmos 1560 · Kosmos 1561 · Kosmos 1562 · Kosmos 1563 · Kosmos 1564 · Kosmos 1565 · Kosmos 1566 | Kosmos 1567 | Kosmos 1568 | Kosmos 1569 | Kosmos 1570 | Intelsat V F-9 | Kosmos 1571 | USA-1 | Kosmos 1572 | Kosmos 1573 | Kosmos 1574 | Gran' No.27L | Kosmos 1575 | USA-2 · USA-3 | Kosmos 1576 | Kosmos 1577 | Kosmos 1578 | Kosmos 1579 | Kosmos 1580 | Kosmos 1581 | Meteor-2 No.16 | Soyuz T-12 | Kosmos 1582 | Kosmos 1583 | Kosmos 1584 | Kosmos 1585 | Gorizont No.20L | Kosmos 1586 | Himawari 3 | ECS-2 · Telecom 1A | Kosmos 1587 | Kosmos 1588 | Kosmos 1589 | Molniya-1 No.53 | Progress 23 | Kosmos 1590 | CCE · IRM · UKS · SCE | Molniya-1 No.54 | Ekran No.27L | USA-4 | Kosmos 1591 | STS-41-D (SBS-4 · Leasat 2 · Telstar 3C) | Kosmos 1592 | Kosmos 1593 · Kosmos 1594 · Kosmos 1595 | Kosmos 1596 | USA-5 | Fanhui Shi Weixing 7 | Kosmos 1597 | Kosmos 1598 | Galaxy 3 | Kosmos 1599 | Kosmos 1600 | Kosmos 1601 | Kosmos 1602 | Kosmos 1603 | Kosmos 1604 | STS-41-G (ERBS · OSTA-3) | Kosmos 1605 | Nova 3 | Kosmos 1606 | Kosmos 1607 | STS-51-A (Anik D2 · Leasat 1) | Spacenet 2 · MARECS-2 | NATO 3D | Kosmos 1608 | Kosmos 1609 | Kosmos 1610 | Kosmos 1611 | Kosmos 1612 | Kosmos 1613 | USA-6 | NOAA-9 | Molniya-1 No.55 | Vega 1 | Kosmos 1614 | Kosmos 1615 | Vega 2 | USA-7 | |
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in underline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets). |