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langs: 1 декабря [ru] / december 1 [en] / 1. dezember [de] / 1er décembre [fr] / 1º dicembre [it] / 1 de diciembre [es]

days: november 28 / november 29 / november 30 / december 1 / december 2 / december 3 / december 4

Cosmonaut / Cosmonaut


#1 Dumitru Prunariu

Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu ( Romanian pronunciation:   [duˈmitru doˈrin pruˈnarju] ( listen ) ; born 27 September 1952) is a Romanian cosmonaut . He flew in space aboard Soyuz 40 spacecraft and Salyut 6 space laboratory. He teamed with the Soviet cosmonaut Leonid Popov . The backup crew was made of Roma

#2 Ronald Evans (astronaut)

Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr. (November 10, 1933   – April 7, 1990) was an American electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , officer and aviator in the United States Navy , and NASA astronaut . As Command Module Pilot on Apollo 17 he was one of the 24 astronauts to have flown to the Moon, and one of

#3 Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin

Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin ( Russian : Александр Николаевич Баландин ) (born July 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut . He is married with two children. He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978, and retired on October 17, 1994. Russian cosmonaut In this name that follows Eastern Slavic n

#4 Vance D. Brand

Vance DeVoe Brand (born May 9, 1931) is an American naval officer , aviator , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , and NASA astronaut . He served as command module pilot during the first U.S.-Soviet joint spaceflight in 1975, and as commander of three Space Shuttle missions . American former naval o

#5 Story Musgrave

Franklin Story Musgrave (born August 19, 1935) is an American physician and a retired NASA astronaut . He is a public speaker [2] and consultant to both Disney 's Imagineering group and Applied Minds in California. In 1996, he became only the second astronaut to fly on six spaceflights, and he is th

#6 Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov ( Russian : Александр Павлович Александров ; born February 20, 1943) [1] is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (November 23, 1983, and December 29, 1987). Soviet cosmonaut Not to be confused with Bulgarian cosmonaut Aleksandar Panayotov Aleks

#7 John Young (astronaut)

John Watts Young (September 24, 1930   – January 5, 2018) was an American astronaut , naval officer and aviator , test pilot , and aeronautical engineer . He became the ninth person to walk on the Moon as commander of the Apollo 16 mission in 1972. He is the only astronaut to fly on four different c

#8 Terry W. Virts

Terry W. Virts (born December 1, 1967) is a retired NASA astronaut , International Space Station Commander and colonel in the United States Air Force . American astronaut Terry W. Virts Born ( 1967-12-01 ) December 1, 1967 (age   54) Baltimore , Maryland , U.S. Status Retired NASA (Active Hardee's)

#9 James H. Newman

James Hansen Newman , Ph.D. (born October 16, 1956) is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut who flew on four Space Shuttle missions. American astronaut This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . ( May 2022 ) James Hansen Newman Born ( 1956-10-16 ) Oc

#10 Richard Branson

Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) [2] is a British billionaire, entrepreneur, and business magnate . [3] [4] [5] In the 1970s he founded the Virgin Group , which today controls more than 400 companies in various fields. [6] British entrepreneur and business magnate Not to be c

#11 Mario Runco Jr.

Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) Mario Runco Jr. is a former United States Naval officer and NASA astronaut . He was selected as an astronaut with in 1987. [1] :   76   He flew three Space Shuttle missions, [2] performed a spacewalk on his second mission, and is now retired both from NASA [3] and the U.S

#12 Roy D. Bridges Jr.

Roy Dubard Bridges Jr. (born July 19, 1943) is an American pilot , engineer , retired United States Air Force officer , test pilot , former NASA astronaut and the former director of NASA 's John F. Kennedy Space Center and Langley Research Center . As a command pilot, he has over 4,460 flying hours,

#13 Sergey Moshchenko

Sergei Ivanovich Moshchenko (Russian Cyrillic : Сергей Иванович Мощенко; born January 12, 1954 in Naro-Fominsky District , Moscow Oblast , RSFSR ) is a retired cosmonaut . Moshchenko retired before being assigned to a spaceflight to the International Space Station . Sergei Ivanovich Moshchenko Serge

#14 Alfred Worden

Alfred Merrill Worden (February 7, 1932   – March 18, 2020) was an American test pilot , engineer and NASA astronaut who was the command module pilot for the Apollo 15 lunar mission in 1971. One of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon , he orbited it 74 times in the command module (CM) Endeavour

#15 Owen Garriott

Owen Kay Garriott (November 22, 1930   – April 15, 2019) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission, and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983. American electrical engineer and

#16 Viktor Savinykh

Viktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny , Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on 7 March 1940. Married with one child. Selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978. Retired on 9 February 1989. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . ( February 2009 ) Viktor Petro

#17 Pavel Popovich

Pavel Romanovich Popovich ( Russian : Па́вел Рома́нович Попо́вич , Ukrainian : Павло Романович Попович , Pavlo Romanovych Popovych) (5 October 1930 – 29 September 2009 [2] [3] ) was a Soviet cosmonaut . [1] Soviet pilot and cosmonaut Pavel Romanovich Popovich Born ( 1930-10-05 ) 5 October 1930 Uzyn

#18 Aleksandr Laveykin

Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin ( Russian : Александр Иванович Лавейкин ; born April 21, 1951 [1] ) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut . Soviet cosmonaut Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin Born ( 1951-04-21 ) 21 April 1951 (age   71) Moscow , USSR Nationality Soviet Occupation Flight engineer Awards Hero of the S

#19 Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov ( Bulgarian : Александър Панайотов Александров ) (born December 1, 1951) is a retired Bulgarian cosmonaut. He is the second Bulgarian to have flown to space, behind Georgi Ivanov . [1] [2] Bulgarian cosmonaut (born 1951) Not to be confused with Soviet cosmonaut Aleksa

#20 Aleksandr Serebrov

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Серебро́в , 15 February 1944 – 12 November 2013) was a Soviet cosmonaut . He graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1967), and was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978. He retired on 10 May 1995. [1] He


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Museum / Museum


#1 Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum

The Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum ( WOTR ) is located on the former Lowry Air Force Base in Denver, Colorado , United States. The museum preserves the history of Lowry AFB's operations from 1938 to 1994 in its collections, archives, and research library. Features of the museum's collec

#2 Imperial War Museum Duxford

Imperial War Museum Duxford is a branch of the Imperial War Museum near Duxford in Cambridgeshire , England. Britain's largest aviation museum , [2] Duxford houses the museum's large exhibits, including nearly 200 aircraft , military vehicles, artillery and minor naval vessels in seven main exhibiti

#3 Aviation Heritage Museum (Western Australia)

The Aviation Heritage Museum is a museum created and maintained by the RAAF Association of Western Australia. It houses many military and civilian aircraft, aircraft replicas and aircraft engines, of types that have served in the Royal Australian Air Force or have relevance to aviation in Western Au


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Spacecraft / Spacecraft


#1 Progress M-1

Progress M-1 ( Russian : Прогресс М-1 ), was a Soviet uncrewed cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1989 to resupply the Mir space station. [1] The eighteenth of sixty four Progress spacecraft to visit Mir, it was the first Progress-M spacecraft to be launched, and had the serial number 201. [2] I

#2 Granat

The International Astrophysical Observatory "GRANAT" (usually known as Granat ; Russian : Гранат , lit. pomegranate ), was a Soviet (later Russian) space observatory developed in collaboration with France, Denmark and Bulgaria . It was launched on 1 December 1989 aboard a Proton rocket and placed in

#3 Granat

The International Astrophysical Observatory "GRANAT" (usually known as Granat ; Russian : Гранат , lit. pomegranate ), was a Soviet (later Russian) space observatory developed in collaboration with France, Denmark and Bulgaria . It was launched on 1 December 1989 aboard a Proton rocket and placed in

#4 Progress M1-4

Progress M1-4 , identified by NASA as Progress 2P , was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station . It was a Progress M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 253. [1] Progress M1-4 Progress M1-4 during its first docking with the ISS. Mission type International Sp

#5 STS-126

STS-126 was the one hundred and twenty-fourth NASA Space Shuttle mission, and twenty-second orbital flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour (OV-105) to the International Space Station (ISS). [5] The purpose of the mission, referred to as ULF2 by the ISS program, was to deliver equipment and supplies t

#6 STS-44

STS-44 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis that launched on 24 November 1991. It was a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) space mission. 1991 American crewed spaceflight to deploy DSP-16 STS-44 Atlantis deploys a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite. Names Space Transportation System -4

#7 Ekspress AM8

Ekspress-AM8 ( Russian : Экспресс-АМ8 meaning Express-AM8 ) is a Russian communications satellite which was launched in 2015. Part of the Ekspress series of geostationary communications satellites, it is owned and operated by the RSCC Space Communications . Russian communications satellite Ekspress-

#8 OSTM/Jason-2

OSTM/Jason-2 , or Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 satellite, [1] was an international Earth observation satellite altimeter joint mission for sea surface height measurements between NASA and CNES . It was the third satellite in a series started in 1992 by the NASA/CNES TOPEX/Poseidon missio

#9 CryoSat-2

CryoSat-2 is a European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer Mission that launched on April 8th 2010. [3] CryoSat-2 is dedicated to measuring polar sea ice thickness and monitoring changes in ice sheets. [4] Its primary objective is to measure the thinning of Arctic sea ice, but has applications to oth

#10 Korabl-Sputnik 3

Korabl-Sputnik 3 [2] ( Russian : Корабль-Спутник 3 meaning Ship-Satellite 3 ) or Vostok-1K No.3 , also known as Sputnik 6 in the West, [3] was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1960. It was a test flight of the Vostok spacecraft, carrying two dogs; Pcholka and Mushka ("little bee" and "littl

#11 Mars Global Surveyor

Mars Global Surveyor ( MGS ) was an American robotic space probe developed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. MGS was a global mapping mission that examined the entire planet, from the ionosphere down through the atmosphere to the surface. [2] As part of the larger Mars

#12 EASE/ACCESS

The Experimental Assembly of Structures in EVA and the Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures , or EASE/ACCESS , were a pair of space shuttle flight experiments that were performed on STS-61-B , on November 29 and December 1, 1985. The purpose of the experiments was to study

#13 OV1-2

Orbiting Vehicle 1-2 (also known as OV1-2 ), launched 5 October 1965, was the third, and first successful, satellite in the OV1 series of the United States Air Force's Orbiting Vehicle program. A radiation measuring satellite designed to conduct research for the planned Manned Orbital Laboratory pro

#14 STS-27

STS-27 was the 27th NASA Space Shuttle mission, and the third flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis . Launching on 2 December 1988 on a four-day mission, it was the second shuttle flight after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster of January 1986. STS-27 carried a classified payload for the U.S. Departme

#15 Apollo 8

Apollo 8 (December 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon . The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth . [1] [2] [3] These three astronauts — Frank Borman , James Lovell

#16 Koronas-Foton

Koronas-Foton ( Russian : Коронас-Фотон ), also known as CORONAS-Photon ( Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun-Photon ), [2] was a Russian Solar research satellite. It is the third satellite in the Russian Coronas programme , and part of the international Living With a Star

#17 SpaceX CRS-3

SpaceX CRS-3 , also known as SpX-3 , [4] was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS), contracted to NASA , which was launched on 18 April 2014. It was the fifth flight for SpaceX 's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft and the third SpaceX operational mission contr

#18 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3

Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 ( Korean :   광명성 3호 ; Hanja :   光明星3號 ; lit.   Bright Star-3 [2] or Lode Star-3 [3] ) was a North Korean Earth observation satellite which, according to the DPRK , was for weather forecast purposes, and whose launch was widely portrayed in the West to be a veiled ballistic missile t

#19 Soyuz TMA-15

Soyuz TMA-15 was a crewed spaceflight to the International Space Station . Part of the Soyuz programme , it transported three members of the Expedition 20 crew to the space station. TMA-15 was the 102nd crewed flight of a Soyuz spacecraft, since Soyuz 1 in 1967. The Soyuz spacecraft remained docked

#20 CBERS-2

China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 2 ( CBERS-2 ), also known as Ziyuan I-02 or Ziyuan 1B , was a remote sensing satellite operated as part of the China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program between the Chinese Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application and Brazilian National Institut


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