cosmos.wikisort.org - Spacecraft

Koronas-Foton (Russian: Коронас-Фотон), also known as CORONAS-Photon (Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun-Photon),[2] was a Russian Solar research satellite. It is the third satellite in the Russian Coronas programme, and part of the international Living With a Star programme.[3] It was launched on 30 January 2009, from Site 32/2 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, aboard the final flight of the Tsyklon-3 rocket. On 1 December 2009 all scientific instruments on the satellite were turned off due to the problems with power supply that were caused by a design flaw.[4][5] On 18 April 2010 the creators of the satellite announced it was lost "with a good deal of certainty".[6][7]

Koronas-Foton

Mission type	Solar research
Operator	Roskosmos MEPhI NIIEM
COSPAR ID	2009-003A
SATCAT no.	33504
Mission duration	3 years planned 10 months achieved[citation needed]
Spacecraft properties
Bus	Meteor-M
Launch mass	1,900 kilograms (4,200 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	30 January 2009, 13:30:00 (2009-01-30UTC13:30Z) UTC
Rocket	Tsyklon-3
Launch site	Plesetsk 32/2
End of mission
Disposal	Decommissioned after malfunction
Deactivated	1 December 2009 (2010-01)
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	529 kilometres (329 mi)
Apogee altitude	559 kilometres (347 mi)
Inclination	82.44 degrees
Period	95.39 minutes
Epoch	2 January 2014, 21:04:43 UTC[1]

Overview

The goal is to investigate the processes of free energy accumulation in the sun's atmosphere, accelerated particle phenomena and solar flares, and the correlation between solar activity and magnetic storms on Earth.[8] Launch occurred successfully on 30 January 2009, and the first batch of science data was downloaded from the satellite on 19 February 2009.[9] The satellite operates in a 500 x 500 km x 82.5° polar low Earth orbit[2] and was expected to have an operational lifetime of three years. It developed power system problems during the first eclipse season, about six months after launch, and contact with the satellite was lost on 1 December 2009.[10] The satellite returned to life on December 29, after its solar panels received enough light to power its control systems,^{[citation needed]} but attempts to revive the satellite failed, and the satellite is considered lost.[10][11]

On 5 July 2009, Koronas-Foton's TESIS telescope registered the most powerful solar outburst of the year so far, lasting 11 minutes, from 06:07 to 06:18 GMT. Solar X-ray pick intensity reached С2.7 in a 5-level scale used to classify solar flares. The last equally powerful outburst occurred on 25 March 2008.[12]

Development

Koronas-Foton is a successor to the Koronas-F and Koronas-I satellites, launched in 1994 and 2001 respectively. It is being operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency, the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute and the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics.[3] It was built using a bus constructed for Meteor-M weather satellites,.[2]

Koronas-Foton also carries three Indian Roentgen Telescope or RT instruments: RT-2/S, RT-2/G, and RT-2/CZT. These will be used to conduct photometric and spectrometric research into the Sun, and for low-energy gamma-ray imagery. These instruments will be operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and were constructed by a collaboration of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Indian Centre for Space Physics.[13]

Instruments

The satellite's scientific payload includes an array of 12 instruments.[9] Eight instruments were designed for registering electromagnetic radiation from the Sun in a wide range of spectrum from near electromagnetic waves to gamma-radiation, as well as solar neutrons. Two instruments were designed to detect charged particles such as protons and electrons.[9]

Scientific instruments:

1. Natalya-2M spectrometer MIFI^{[expand acronym]}, Moscow, Russia
2. RT-2 gamma-telescope TIFR/ICSP/VSSC,[14] India.
3. Pingvin-M (Penguin) polarimeter MIFI, Moscow, Russia
4. Konus-RF x-ray and gamma spectrometer Ioffe Institute, Russia
5. BRM x-ray detector MIFI, Russia
6. FOKA UV-detector MIFI, Russia
7. TESIS telescope/spectrometer FIAN, Russia, with SphinX soft X-ray spectrophotometer, SRC PAS, Poland
8. Electron-M-Peska charged particles analyser NIIYaF MGU, Russia
9. STEP-F Electron and proton detector Kharkov National University, Ukraine
10. SM-8M magnetometer NPP Geologorazvedka/MIFI, Russia

Service systems:

1. SSRNI science data collection and registration system IKI, Russia
2. Radio transmission system and antennas RNII KP, Russia

See also

• 2009 in spaceflight
• Koronas-I
• Koronas-F

References

На других языках

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[de] Koronas-Foton

Koronas-Foton (russisch Коронас-Фотон, auch CORONAS-FOTON, für Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun) ist ein defekter russischer Sonnenforschungssatellit. Es ist der dritte Satellit aus dem russischen Koronas-Programm und ein Teil des internationalen Living-With-a-Star-Programmes.

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- [en] Koronas-Foton

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[es] Koronas-Foton

Koronas-Foton (en ruso, Коронас-Фотон), también conocido como CORONAS-Photon (Observaciones Orbitales Complejas Cerca de la Tierra de la Actividad del Sol-Photon),[1] Era un satélite de investigación solar ruso. Es el tercer satélite del programa Corona ruso y parte del programa internacional Living With a Star.[2] Fue lanzado el 30 de enero de 2009, desde el sitio 32/2 en el Cosmódromo de Plesetsk, a bordo del vuelo final del cohete Tsyklon-3. El 1 de diciembre de 2009, todos los instrumentos científicos en el satélite se apagaron debido a problemas con el suministro de energía causados por una falla de diseño.[3][4] El 18 de abril de 2010, los creadores del satélite anunciaron que se perdió "con bastante certeza".[5][6]

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[ru] Коронас-Фотон

Коронас-Фотон — российский космический аппарат, предназначенный для фундаментальных исследований Солнца и солнечно-земных связей. Космический аппарат был разработан по заказу Роскосмоса и РАН в рамках российской космической программы КОРОНАС, рассчитанной на запуск на околоземную орбиту трёх солнечно-ориентированных космических аппаратов. КА «Коронас-Фотон» является третьим спутником серии, предыдущие аппараты «КОРОНАС-И» и «КОРОНАС-Ф» к моменту его запуска были выведены из эксплуатации. Разработчиком космического комплекса выступает ФГУП «НПП ВНИИЭМ», разработчиком бортовых систем космического аппарата выступает ФГУП «НИИЭМ» (г. Истра), головной организацией по комплексу научной аппаратуры «ФОТОН» — Институт астрофизики МИФИ.

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