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Hinode (/ˈhnd/; Japanese: ひので, IPA: [çinode], Sunrise), formerly Solar-B, is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Solar mission with United States and United Kingdom collaboration. It is the follow-up to the Yohkoh (Solar-A) mission and it was launched on the final flight of the M-V rocket from Uchinoura Space Center, Japan on 22 September 2006 at 21:36 UTC (23 September, 06:36 JST). Initial orbit was perigee height 280 km, apogee height 686 km, inclination 98.3 degrees. Then the satellite maneuvered to the quasi-circular sun-synchronous orbit over the day/night terminator, which allows near-continuous observation of the Sun. On 28 October 2006, the probe's instruments captured their first images.

Hinode
Artist's impression of the Hinode spacecraft (then known as Solar-B) in orbit
NamesSolar-B
OperatorJAXA / NASA / PPARC
COSPAR ID2006-041A
SATCAT no.29479
WebsiteJAXA Hinode mission,NASA Hinode mission
Mission durationElapsed: 16 years and 16 days
Spacecraft properties
Launch mass700.0 kg
Start of mission
Launch date21:36:00, 22 September 2006 (UTC) (2006-09-22T21:36:00Z)[1]
RocketM-V rocket
Launch siteUchinoura Space Center
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
Regimesun-synchronous orbit
Main
WavelengthsOptical, X-ray, EUV
Instruments
Solar Optical Telescope (SOT)
X-ray Telescope (XRT)
Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS)
Solar Terrestrial Probes program
 TIMED
STEREO 
 

The data from Hinode are being downloaded to the Norwegian, terrestrial Svalsat station, operated by Kongsberg a few kilometres west of Longyearbyen, Svalbard. From there, data is transmitted by Telenor through a fibre-optic network to mainland Norway at Harstad, and on to data users in North America, Europe and Japan.


Mission


Hinode was planned as a three-year mission to explore the magnetic fields of the Sun. It consists of a coordinated set of optical, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), and x-ray instruments to investigate the interaction between the Sun's magnetic field and its corona. The result will be an improved understanding of the mechanisms that power the solar atmosphere and drive solar eruptions. The EUV imaging spectrometer (EIS) was built by a consortium led by the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL) in the UK.[2] NASA, the space agency of the United States, was involved with three science instrument components: the Focal Plane Package (FPP), the X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and shares operations support for science planning and instrument command generation.[3] The mission was extended to the end of 2020 with a likely extension lasting until 2022.[4]


Instruments


Hinode view of the 2012 Venus transit
Hinode view of the 2012 Venus transit

Hinode carries three main instruments to study the Sun.


SOT (Solar Optical Telescope)


A 0.5 meter Gregorian optical telescope with an angular resolution of about 0.2 arcsecond over the field of view of about 400 x 400 arcsec. At the SOT focal plane, the Focal Plane Package (FPP) built by the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory in Palo Alto, California consists of three optical instruments: the Broadband Filter Imager (BFI) which produces images of the solar photosphere and chromosphere in six wide-band interference filters; the Narrowband Filter Imager (NFI) which is a tunable Lyot-type birefringent filter capable of producing magnetogram and dopplergram images of the solar surface; and the Spectropolarimeter (SP) which produces the most sensitive vector magnetograph maps of the photosphere to date.

The FPP also includes a Correlation Tracker (CT) which locks onto solar granulation to stabilize the SOT images to a fraction of an arcsecond. The spatial resolution of the SOT is a factor of 5 improvement over previous space-based solar telescopes (e.g., the MDI instrument on the SOHO).


XRT (X-ray Telescope)


A modified Wolter I telescope design that uses grazing incidence optics to image the solar corona's hottest components (0.5 to 10 Million K) with an angular resolution consistent with 1 arcsec pixels at the CCD. The telescope has an imaging field of view of 34 arcminutes. It is capable of capturing an image of the full sun when pointed at the center of the solar disk. The telescope was designed and built by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), which, with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). The camera was developed by NAOJ and JAXA.


EIS (Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer)


A normal incidence extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer that obtains spatially resolved spectra in two wavelength bands: 17.0–21.2 and 24.6–29.2 nm.[5] Spatial resolution is around 2 arcsec, and the field of view is up to 560 x 512 arcsec2. The emission lines in the EIS wavelength bands are emitted at temperatures ranging from 50,000 K to 20 million K. EIS is used to identify the physical processes involved in heating the solar corona.


See also



References


  1. Stephen Clark (22 September 2006). "Solar observatory launched to space by Japanese rocket". Spaceflightnow. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  2. "MSSL Hinode EIS page".
  3. "NASA FY 2009 Budget Request" (PDF). NASA. pp. Sci-281.
  4. Extended life for ESA's science missions
  5. "SOLAR-B Website - Home Page". Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2008.



На других языках


[de] Hinode

Hinode (jap. ひので; Sonnenaufgang) ist ein Weltraumteleskop, das von der japanischen Raumfahrtbehörde JAXA mit Beteiligung von ESA, der britischen Forschungsorganisation PPARC und dem Marshall Space Flight Center der NASA zunächst unter dem Namen SOLAR-B entwickelt wurde. Mit dem Satelliten sollen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Magnetfeld der Sonne und der Sonnenkorona untersucht werden. Hinode ist die Nachfolgemission des Satelliten Yohkoh (SOLAR-A), welcher zwischen 1991 und 2001 operierte.
- [en] Hinode (satellite)

[es] Hinode

Hinode (amanecer en japonés), conocida antes del despegue como SOLAR-B, es una misión de la JAXA en colaboración con los Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido destinada al estudio del Sol. Sigue la estela de la misión Yohkoh (SOLAR-A) y fue lanzada en el vuelo final del cohete M-V desde el Centro Espacial de Uchinoura en Japón, el 22 de septiembre de 2006 a las 21:36 GMT (06:36 del 23 de septiembre JST). Su órbita inicial tenía un perigeo de 280 km, un apogeo de 686 km y una inclinación de 98,3 grados, aunque el satélite maniobró para alcanzar una órbita casi circular que le permitía una observación continua del Sol. El 28 de octubre de 2006 los instrumentos de la sonda capturaron sus primeras imágenes.

[ru] Hinode

Хинодэ (яп. ひので Хинодэ, Восход солнца, до запуска — Solar-B) — японский научный спутник для исследований в области физики Солнца. Запущен 23 сентября в 06:36:30 (22 сентября в 21:36:30 UTC) 2006 года с космодрома Утиноура с помощью ракеты-носителя M-V. После запуска спутник получил имя «Hinode», что переводится как «Рассвет». Вместе с «Рассветом» на орбиту попутно также были выведены две полезные нагрузки — радиолюбительский спутник HITSAT и солнечный парус SSSAT.



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