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Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山 豊寛, Akiyama Toyohiro, born 22 July 1942) is a retired Japanese TV journalist and professor at Kyoto University of Art and Design. In December 1990, he spent seven days aboard the Mir space station.[4] He became the first person of Japanese nationality to fly in space,[5] and his space mission was the second spaceflight to be commercially sponsored and funded.[4] Akiyama was also the first civilian to use commercial space flight, and the first journalist to report from outer space.[2][1]

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Toyohiro Akiyama
秋山豊寛
Toyohiro Akiyama in 1990
Born	(1942-06-22) 22 June 1942 (age 80) Tokyo, Japan
Status	Retired
Nationality	Japanese
Other names	Space journalist,[1][2] space antihero[3]
Alma mater	B.S. International Christian University (1966?)
Occupation	Journalist (TBS), professor at Kyoto University of Art and Design
Awards	Order of Friendship of Peoples Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
Space career
TBS Research Cosmonaut
Time in space	7d 21h 54min 40sec
Selection	Soyuz TM-11 mission
Missions	Soyuz TM-11 / Soyuz TM-10
Mission insignia
Spouse	Kyoko Akiyama ​ ​ (m. 1970; div. 1995)​
Children	2: Ken (son), Naoko (daughter)
Signature

Education and career

Akiyama attended and earned his bachelor's degree at the International Christian University located in Mitaka, Tokyo. He then joined the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) as a journalist in 1966. He worked for the BBC World Service from 1967–1971 before becoming a correspondent for the TBS Division of Foreign News. From 1984 to 1988, he served as TBS chief correspondent in Washington D.C.[4][5]

Space training

On August 17, 1989, Akiyama was selected for a commercial Soviet-Japanese flight. The flight was sponsored by the TBS Corporation to celebrate its fortieth anniversary.[6] The amount that the corporation paid for the flight of its employee differs significantly from one source to another (28 million US dollars,[7] 25 million,[8] 5 billion yen or 37 million US dollars[9]). Akiyama started training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in October 1989.

Spaceflight

TBS wanted to send the first Japanese to space in order to boost their TV ratings.[3] 163 TBS employees applied for the opportunity to fly to space. Eventually, Akiyama and camerawoman Ryoko Kikuchi were selected as the two final candidates. When Kikuchi developed a case of appendicitis a week before launch, Akiyama was selected for cosmonaut training and he was the primary crew member, with no backup in place.[2] Akiyama began cosmonaut training in August 1989 in a deal between TBS and the Soviet Union.[4] The commercialization of space flight was evident by the Soyuz TM-11 covered with advertising of TBS and other Japanese companies.[10]

After successfully completing a Research Cosmonaut training course at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in present-day Russia, Akiyama launched aboard the Soyuz TM-11 mission to the Mir space station on 2 December 1990 along with mission commander Viktor Afanasyev and flight engineer Musa Manarov. During his time aboard Mir, Akiyama gave live reports each day documenting life aboard the station. He returned just over a week later aboard Soyuz TM-10 along with Gennadi Manakov and Gennadi Strekalov on 10 December. Akiyama's mission marked the first flight of a person of Japanese nationality in space as well as the first commercially sponsored and funded spaceflight of an individual in history.[4][5][11] Akiyama was also the first journalist to give live reports from space.[2]

Various reports have cited a flight cost paid by TBS as between US$12 million and US$37 million. The company reportedly lost US$7.4 million on the deal.[12][13][2]

TV reports

Akiyama broke stereotypes since he was not an athletic trained astronaut, scientist nor engineer. Thus Akiyama was called the first antihero in space for being just an ordinary civilian.[3] As a TV reporter, Akiyama made comments during his nightly live broadcasts in the Mir:[3]

The first words of Akiyama seconds after the Soyuz TM-11 reached orbit were:[10]

"I’m looking out the window now,"

— Toyohiro Akiyama[10]

Studying the frogs' behavior in the zero-g environment was an experiment for Japanese schoolchildren.[3]

"Fat Japanese frogs in space love the feeling of weightlessness. Thin Japanese frogs act as if they would rather be back in Yokohama."

— Toyohiro Akiyama[3]

During training he quit smoking four-pack-a-day cigarettes. Before liftoff when asked what he looked forward to most upon his return to Earth he said:[10]

“I can’t wait to have a smoke,”

— Toyohiro Akiyama[10]

Akiyama described his struggles such as space sickness, need for cigarettes, his brain was "floating around in my head" and "I wish I had brought along some natto,".[3] Meanwhile Akiyama worried that his 2 children spent too much time watching TV. During a radio broadcast he said "Please tell Ken-ken and Naoko to study,". His wife Kyoko answered "The children are doing fine," "Please try to relax." Initially the TBS TV viewership was high, but by midweek it declined to a bit above normal.[3]

Later career

Akiyama returned to TBS after completing his spaceflight and became deputy director of the TBS News Division. He retired from TBS in 1995, because he disagreed with the active commercialization of television.[4][5]

In April 1991, he shot a film, with a group of Japanese journalists, about the state of the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan.[14]

From January 1996, he engaged in organic farming with rice and mushrooms in the Abukuma mountains in the town Takine, near Tamura, Fukushima, Fukushima Prefecture.[15][16] He also wrote books and give lectures focusing on environmental issues.[16] In March 2011, he was personally affected by the Fukushima disaster and was forced to abandon his farm.[17]

On November 1, 2011, he became a professor of agriculture at the Faculty of Arts, Kyoto University of Art and Design.[16][18]

Personal life

Akiyama was married to Kyoko Akiyama, and the couple had a son and a daughter.[3] He left his family in Tokyo to go farm.[18] They divorced in 1995 due to his plans for organic farming in Fukushima Prefecture.^{[citation needed]} He was forced off his farm due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011.[17] Akiyama moved to Kyoto to teach after losing his farm in Fukushima.[18]

Awards and decorations

Akiyama received multiple awards and decorations, including:[16]

• 1990 Order of Friendship of Peoples (December 10, 1990, Soviet Union) - "for the successful implementation of space flight on the orbital research complex "Mir""[16][19]
• 1991 Tokyo Metropolitan Cultural Honor award.[16]
• 2000 Japanese Society for Biological Sciences in Space Achievement Award.[16][20]
• 2011 Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011, Russia) - "for a great contribution to the development of international cooperation in the field of manned space exploration" [21]

Publications

He made reports in Japanese, which were published later, dedicated to his space flight. He also co-authored articles on the development of space tourism and farming.[22]

• The Pleasure of Spaceflight, Journal of Space Technology and Science - Vol.9 No.1'93.[22]
• Journey around agriculture - Mar 1, 1998[22]
• Japanese astronaut official photographic record collection (1991) ISBN 4096805912[22]
• Farmer's Diary (1998) ISBN 4104248010[22]
• Space, Aug 1, 1992[22]
• Space (above) (Bungei Bunko) Aug 1, 1995[22]
• Space (below) (Bungei Bunko) Aug 1, 1995[22]
• To living with agriculture - earth and space (1999) ISBN 4000001809[22]
• Space Specialist 9 Days-First Japanese Astronaut Experience All Records Feb 1, 1991[22]
• This is a space correspondent! -I went to space! Feb 1, 1991[22]
• Hoe and Spacecraft Nov 30, 2007[22]

See also

• Lists of astronauts
• List of Japanese astronauts
• Mamoru Mohri – first astronaut of an official Japanese space agency

References

External links

• Spacefacts biography of Toyohiro Akiyama

На других языках

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[de] Toyohiro Akiyama

Toyohiro Akiyama (jap. 秋山 豊寛, Akiyama Toyohiro; * 22. Juli 1942 in Setagaya, Tokio) ist ein japanischer Professor und ehemaliger Fernsehjournalist, der durch seinen Flug mit einem Sojus-Raumschiff zur sowjetischen Raumstation Mir im Jahr 1990 internationale Berühmtheit erlangte. Er ist der erste Japaner, der in den Weltraum flog, sowie der erste Journalist, der aus dem All berichtete. Zudem ist er die erste Person, die durch private Mittel finanziert an einem Raumflug teilnahm.[1]

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- [en] Toyohiro Akiyama

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[es] Toyohiro Akiyama

Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山豊寛 Akiyama Toyohiro, 22 de julio de 1942) es un periodista de televisión japonesa más conocido por su viaje a la estación espacial Mir a bordo de una nave Soyuz rusa, en 1990.

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[fr] Toyohiro Akiyama

Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山 豊寛, Akiyama Toyohiro?), né le 22 juillet 1942, est le premier spationaute japonais.

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[it] Toyohiro Akiyama

Toyohiro Akiyama (Setagaya, 22 luglio 1942) è un giornalista e astronauta giapponese.

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[ru] Акияма, Тоёхиро

Тоёхи́ро Акия́ма (яп. 秋山 豊寛 Акияма Тоёхиро, род. 22 июля 1942 года, специальный район Сэтагая, Токио, Япония) — японский журналист, мировую известность которому принёс космический полёт, в ходе которого он стал первым японцем и первым профессиональным журналистом в космосе.

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