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Composante Spatiale Optique (CSO; English: Optical Space Component) is a French military Earth observation satellite program of third generation. It replaces the Helios 2 satellites. It is sometimes referred to as the MUltinational Space-based Imaging System for Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Observation (MUSIS program).

Composante Optique Spatiale

Names	CSO-1 CSO-2 CSO-3
Mission type	Military reconnaissance
Operator	CNES / DGA
COSPAR ID	2018-106A (CSO-1) 2020-104A (CSO-2)
SATCAT no.	43866 (CSO-1) 47305 (CSO-2)
Mission duration	10 years (planned)
Spacecraft properties
Bus	CSO
Manufacturer	Airbus Defence and Space (satellite) Thales Alenia Space (optical payload)
Launch mass	3,655 kg (8,058 lb) (CSO-1) 3,652 kg (8,051 lb) (CSO-2)
Start of mission
Launch date	19 December 2018, 13:37:00 UTC (CSO-1) 29 December 2020, 16:42:07 UTC (CSO-2) 2023 (planned) (CSO-3)
Rocket	Soyuz ST-A (CSO-1, CSO-2) Ariane 62 (CSO-3)
Launch site	Centre Spatial Guyanais, ELS and ELA-4
Contractor	Progress Rocket Space Centre, Arianespace
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric orbit
Regime	Sun-synchronous orbit
Altitude	800 km (500 mi) (CSO-1) 480 km (300 mi) (CSO-2)
Inclination	97.3°

Program history

Since the launch of Helios 1A in 1995, France has developed a series of military Earth observation programs. Due to the limited lifetime of satellites, a program was launched to replace the currently operational Helios 2 satellites. This program started as a French contribution to the larger pan-European MUSIS program, and eventually became a mostly French program.[1] An agreement between France and Germany was reached in April 2015, under which Germany contributes €200 million to building a third satellite, and in exchange receives access rights to the imagery.[2][3] Sweden and Belgium are also a program partners, which enables the use of a polar ground station.[4][5]

Technical capabilities

Unlike the Helios satellites, which used the same bus as the Spot satellites, CSO uses technology derived from the Pléiades satellites. It is much heavier than Pléiades with a mass of 3650 kg.[6] They are made out of 3 identical satellites. The first one was launched in December 2018, and provide Very High Resolution imagery - like the Helios 2 satellites,[7] so around 35 cm [8] from an 800 km orbit.[9] The second satellite provides Extremely High Resolution imagery - around 20 cm - from a 480 km orbit.[6] The third satellite will be launched in 2023 and provide increased revisit capabilities.[10][11] The satellites have the ability to take infrared images.[12] The satellite manufacturing was awarded to Airbus Defence and Space, while the optical payload is built by Thales Alenia Space.[13]

The CSO system is able to produce at least 280 images a day on average.[4][14]

The program cost is estimated at €1.3 billion,[1] with an additional €300 million for the ground segment and 10 years of operations.[15] The marginal cost of the third satellite is €300 million.[2]

References

На других языках

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[de] Composante Spatiale Optique

Composante Spatiale Optique (CSO) ist der Name eines französischen Programms von optischen Aufklärungssatelliten. Es ist als Nachfolgesystem für die Helios-Satelliten vorgesehen. Insgesamt sollen drei CSO-Satelliten betrieben werden.

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- [en] Composante Spatiale Optique

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